Wrap up

You did it 🎉

You now know enough Python to start writing useful little programs. Here's a roadmap for what to learn next, and some places to practise.

What to learn next (in roughly this order)

Error handling — try / except blocks for when things go wrong (e.g. user types text instead of a number).
File I/O — reading and writing text files with open().
Modules & import — using Python's standard library (math, datetime, random, json) and splitting your own code into multiple files.
Virtual environments & pip — installing third-party packages from PyPI.
Classes / OOP — defining your own object types with class.
A real-world library — pick one based on what excites you:
- Data & analysis: pandas, matplotlib
- Web apps: FastAPI or Flask
- Automation / scripting: requests, beautifulsoup4
- Games / graphics: pygame

Free places to practise

The official Python tutorial — surprisingly readable.
Exercism — Python track — small exercises with mentor feedback.
Codewars — bite-sized "katas" sorted by difficulty.
Real Python — high-quality tutorials and articles.
Automate the Boring Stuff with Python — free online book, very practical.

Project ideas to lock it in

Theory only sticks once you build something. Try one of these — small enough to finish in an afternoon, but real enough to teach you something:

A command-line to-do list that saves to a text file.
A tip calculator that asks for the bill and party size.
A password generator with options for length and symbols.
A script that renames every file in a folder based on a pattern.
A quiz game that reads questions from a file and keeps score.

The single most useful habit Don't read more before you've coded a bit. Pick one tiny project and finish it. You'll learn more from one finished thing than from ten tutorials.

Quick reference

# Variables and types
name = "Sam"; age = 34; pi = 3.14; ok = True

# Input / output
who = input("Name? ")
print(f"Hi {who}")

# Conditionals
if age >= 18:
    print("adult")
else:
    print("minor")

# Loops
for i in range(3):
    print(i)

# List + dict
nums = [1, 2, 3]
person = {"name": "Sam", "age": 34}

# Function
def add(a, b):
    return a + b